Sentimentos da mulher frente a gestação de alto risco / Sentimientos de la mujer frente al embarazo de alto riesgo / Women's feelings facing High-Risk pregnancy

Resumo Introdução: A gestação configura-se como um acontecimento único e memorável para a vida de uma mulher. A gravidez de alto risco é uma experiência estressante em razão dos riscos a que estão submetidos a mãe e o bebê e devido às mudanças que afetam negativamente o seu equilíbrio emocional. Objetivo: Identificar os sentimentos vivenciados pela gestante frente à gravidez de alto risco. Método: Descritivo e exploratório com abordagem qualitativa, com amostra por conveniência composta por mulheres com gestação de alto risco, selecionadas de acordo com a disponibilidade do serviço de internamento, até a saturação das entrevistas. A coleta dos dados foi realizada em um período de dois meses através de entrevistas guiadas por um roteiro. Os dados foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo segundo Minayo. Resultados: Fizeram parte 37 mulheres. Os resultados foram oeganizados nas categorias: Como se deu o diagnóstico de alto risco; Sentimentos ao descobrir que a gestação é/era de risco; Sentimentos em relação ao apoio familiar acerca da gestação de alto risco. Os sentimentos relatados pelas gestantes e puérperas que conviveram com a gravidez de alto risco, deixam evidentes os impactos que este evento traz não somente na saúde física sobretudo para a emocional, deixando as gestantes fragilizadas. Conclusão: Assim, o estudo nos permitiu perceber que os sentimentos vivenciados nesse processo podem interfir na vida dessas mulheres, e de forma negativa. Mas, que apesar dessa situação, estas expressam sentimentos ambíguos, pois mesmo com o risco gestacional, muitas mostram-se felizes pela dádiva de ser mãe.

Resumen Introducción: El embarazo se considera un evento único y memorable en la vida de una mujer. El embarazo de alto riesgo es una experiencia estresante debido a los riesgos a los que están expuestas tanto la madre como su bebé y a los cambios que afectan negativamente su equilibrio emocional. Objetivo: Identificar los sentimientos experimentados por las mujeres embarazadas frente a un embarazo de alto riesgo. Metodología: Descriptivo y exploratorio con enfoque cualitativo, con una muestra a conveniencia compuesta por mujeres con embarazos de alto riesgo, seleccionadas según la disponibilidad del servicio de hospitalización, hasta la saturación de las entrevistas. La recopilación de datos se llevó a cabo durante un período de dos meses a través de entrevistas guiadas. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando la técnica de análisis de contenido según Minayo. Resultados: Participaron 37 mujeres y los resultados se organizaron en las siguientes categorías: cómo se realizó el diagnóstico de alto riesgo; sentimientos al descubrir que el embarazo era de riesgo; sentimientos con respecto al apoyo familiar en relación con el embarazo de alto riesgo. Los sentimientos relatados por las mujeres embarazadas y posparto que vivieron un embarazo de alto riesgo evidencian los impactos que tiene este evento no solo en la salud física sino, especialmente, en el bienestar emocional, pues deja a las mujeres embarazadas en un estado de vulnerabilidad. Conclusión: El estudio nos permitió darnos cuenta de que los sentimientos experimentados en este proceso pueden interferir en la vida de estas mujeres de manera negativa. Sin embargo, a pesar de esta situación, muchas de ellas expresan sentimientos ambiguos, porque, incluso con el riesgo gestacional, están agradecidas por el regalo de la maternidad.

Abstract Introduction: Pregnancy is considered a unique and memorable event in a woman's life. High-risk pregnancy is a stressful experience due to the risks to which the mother and the baby are exposed, and due to the changes that negatively affect their emotional balance. Objective: To identify the feelings experienced by pregnant women facing high-risk pregnancy. Method: Descriptive and exploratory, employing a qualitative approach, the study featured a convenience sample of women with high-risk pregnancies, selected based on inpatient service availability, until interview saturation was achieved. Data collection was conducted over a two-month period through scripted interviews. Data analysis was performed utilizing Minayo's content analysis technique. Results: Thirty-seven women participated in the study. The results were categorized as follows: How the high-risk diagnosis was determined; Feelings upon discovering the pregnancy was high-risk; Feelings regarding family support regarding the high-risk pregnancy. The feelings reported by pregnant and postpartum women who experienced high-risk pregnancies clearly reveal the impacts this event has, not only on physical health, but especially on emotional well-being, leaving the pregnant women in a vulnerable state. Conclusion: The study allowed us to realize that the feelings experienced in this process can negatively interfere in the lives of these women. However, despite this situation, many of them express mixed feelings, because even with the gestational risk, they are grateful for the gift of motherhood.

Efeitos da suplementação do cálcio sobre marcadores da pré-eclâmpsia: ensaio clínico randomizado / Efectos de los suplementos de calcio en marcadores de preeclampsia: ensayo clínico aleatorizado / Effects of calcium supplementation on markers of preeclampsia: randomized clinical trial

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os efeitos da suplementação de cálcio nos marcadores da pré-eclâmpsia ao longo do tempo, comparando o uso de cálcio em alta e baixa dosagem em mulheres grávidas com hipertensão. Métodos Trata-se de ensaio clínico randomizado com três grupos paralelos, placebo controlado, realizado no ambulatório de referência para o pré-natal de alto risco na Região Sul do Brasil, com análise de intenção de tratar e seguimento após quatro e oito semanas. A intervenção consistiu na ingestão de cálcio 500mg/dia, cálcio 1500mg/dia e placebo. Os dados foram analisados segundo um modelo generalizado de estimação de equações mistas adotando α 0,05. Resultados O efeito do cálcio em baixa e alta dosagem na evolução ao longo do tempo foi mantido entre os grupos, mesmo após o ajuste para os fatores de confusão. Houve diferença significativa nos parâmetros analisados na interação tempo e grupo (p <0,000) e diminuição nas médias de 12,3mmHg na PAS, 9,2 mmHg na PAD, 3,2 mg/dl creatinina e 7,2 mg/dl proteinúria para o grupo cálcio 500mg/dia. Os resultados foram semelhantes para o grupo com suplementação máxima. Conclusão O cálcio melhorou o prognóstico vascular em mulheres grávidas com hipertensão ao reduzir os níveis pressóricos e os marcadores da pré-eclâmpsia.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar los efectos de los suplementos de calcio en los marcadores de preeclampsia a lo largo del tiempo, comparando el uso de calcio en dosis altas y bajas en mujeres embarazadas con hipertensión. Métodos Se trata de un ensayo clínico aleatorizado con tres grupos paralelos, placebo controlado realizado en consultorios externos de referencia en el control prenatal de alto riesgo en la Región Sur de Brasil, con análisis de intención de tratar y seguimiento luego de cuatro y ocho semanas. La intervención consistió en la ingesta de calcio 500 mg/día, calcio 1500 mg/día y placebo. Los datos se analizaron de acuerdo con un modelo generalizado de estimación de ecuaciones mixtas adoptando α 0,05. Resultados El efecto del calcio en dosis bajas y altas en la evolución a lo largo del tiempo se mantuvo entre los grupos, inclusive después de los ajustes por los factores de confusión. Hubo diferencia significativa en los parámetros analizados en la interacción tiempo y grupo (p <0,000) y reducción de los promedios de 12,3 mmHg en la PAS, 9,2 mmHg en la PAD, 3,2 mg/dl creatinina y 7,2 mg/dl proteinuria en el grupo calcio 500 mg/día. Los resultados fueron parecidos en el grupo con suplemento en dosis máxima. Conclusión El calcio mejoró el pronóstico vascular en mujeres embarazadas con hipertensión al reducir los niveles de presión y los marcadores de preeclampsia. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos: RBR-9ngb95

Abstract Objective To analyze the effects of calcium supplementation on markers of preeclampsia over time by comparing the use of high- and low-dose calcium in hypertensive pregnant women. Methods This is a randomized clinical trial, placebo controlled, with three parallel groups carried out at the reference outpatient clinic for high-risk prenatal care in the South Region of Brazil, with intention-to-treat analysis and follow-up after four and eight weeks. The intervention consisted of ingesting calcium 500mg/day, calcium 1500mg/day and placebo. Data were analyzed according to a generalized mixed equation estimation model adopting α 0.05. Results The effect of low- and high-dose calcium on evolution over time was maintained between groups, even after adjustment for confounding factors. There was a significant difference in the parameters analyzed in the time and group interaction (p <0.000) and a decrease in the means of 12.3 mmHg in SBP, 9.2 mmHg in DBP, 3.2 mg/dl creatinine and 7.2 mg/dl proteinuria for the 500mg calcium/day group. The results were similar for the maximal supplementation group. Conclusion Calcium improved vascular prognosis in hypertensive pregnant women by reducing blood pressure levels and markers of preeclampsia. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: RBR-9ngb95

Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes among apparently healthy women with normal and abnormal cervical cytology in Kaduna State, Nigeria

Background: About 99.7% of cervical dysplasia and cancer cases are caused by persistent genital high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection. Most HPV infections are subclinical and self-limiting but may persists in about 5 to 10% of infected women, resulting in pre-cancerous lesions that can progress to invasive cancer years later. This study is aimed at detecting hrHPV among apparently healthy women of reproductive age in Kaduna State, thus providing more information for effective control of HPV and cervical cancer in Nigeria. Methodology: Cervical smears were taken from 515 randomly selected apparently healthy women across selected secondary and tertiary facilities from 3 Local Government Areas (LGAs) in each Senatorial Zone of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) technique was used to collect cervical smears and prepare smears for cytology study, while the remaining samples were stored at -80oC for molecular studies. HPV DNA were extracted from the samples and amplified by convectional PCR using specific hrHPV (HPV 16,18,31 and 45) primer sets and a broad spectrum MY09/11 and GP5+/6+ primers for a wider range of HPV genotypes. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 and relationship between prevalence of hrHPV and socio-demographic factors such as age and marital status were determined using Chisquare or Fisher Exact test with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of total HPV and hrHPV infections in the study population was 11.8% (61/515) and 9.3% (48/515) respectively. A total of 100 HPV genotypes were detected by PCR in the 61 positive smears, with 66 hrHPV types from 48 women, and 34 other HPV types from 13 women. The frequency of hrHPV genotypes detected was HPV 31 (5.8%, n=30), HPV 45 (4.1%, n=21), HPV 16 (1.7%, n=9), and HPV 18 (1.2%, n=6), with other HPV genotypes (6.6%, n=34). The frequency of cervical dysplasia was 6.4% (33/515), which was significantly associated with all HPV genotypes except HPV 16. Single HPV infection was seen in 31 (51.8%) women while multiple infections were seen in 30 (49.2%), with double infection in 21 (34.4%) and triple infections in 9 (14.7%). Conclusion: The prevalence of hrHPV infection was high among women in Kaduna State, Nigeria. DNA-based screening for hrHPV genotypes and production of new vaccine that will protect against the predominant hrHPV genotypes are thus recommended for the prevention of cervical cancer in Nigeria, Africa and beyond.

Registro multicéntrico Impella CP para shock cardiogénico o angioplastía de alto riesgo protegida en Chile

Antecedentes: El Shock Cardiogénico (SC) y las Angioplastías de Alto Riesgo (AAR) están asociadas con altas tasas de mortalidad. El uso del dispositivo Impella CP podría reducir el riesgo de muerte en estos escenarios. En Chile no existen reportes evaluando el uso del dispositivo Impella CP. Objetivo: Analizar los desenlaces clínicos en pacientes que fueron sometidos al uso del dispositivo Impella CP por SC o por AAR. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en 17 pacientes, los cuales representan el total de implantes realizados en el país, entre octubre 2021 y agosto 2023. Se describió las características, demográficas, procedimentales y después del implante. Se estimó la mortalidad general y se identificaron factores asociados. Resultados: La edad de los pacientes fue 69± 3,7 años y 88,2% fueron hombres. El 64,7% recibió el dispositivo por SC y 35,3% por AAR. Dentro de las comorbilidades estudiadas, la hipertensión arterial fue la más frecuente, 94,1%. Un 58,8% de los pacientes fueron revascularizados a través de la arteria radial. El 29,4% recibió el dispositivo previo a la angioplastía y 70,6% lo recibió después. El 47,1% de las angioplastías fue guiada por imágenes. En 11,8% de ellos se realizó litotricia intracoronaria y 5,9% por ablación intracoronaria. Los pacientes estuvieron 13 ±3,4 días con el soporte. La mortalidad global fue de 41,2%. Conclusiones: El uso del dispositivo Impella presentó pocas complicaciones vasculares. La mortalidad asociada con su colocación en Chile fue relativamente similar con la reportada en la literatura.

Background: Cardiogenic shock and high-risk Angioplasty are associated with a high mortality rate. Using the Impella CP device could reduce the risk of death in these scenarios. In Chile, there are no studies evaluating the use of the Impella CP device. Objective: To analyse the clinical outcomes in patients who have undergone placement of the Impella CP device for cardiogenic shock and high-risk angioplasties. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on 17 patients, which represent the total number of implants performed in the country, between October 2021 and August 2023. The demographic, procedural and post-implant characteristics were described. Overall mortality and associated factors were identified. Results: The age was 69± 3.7 years, where 88.2% were men. 64.7% of patients received the device by SC and 35.3% by AAR. Among the comorbidities studied, arterial hypertension was the most frequent with 94.1%. 58.8% of patients were revascularized through the radial artery. 29.4% of patients received the device before angioplasty and 70.6% received it afterwards. 47.1% of angioplasties were image-guided, 11.8% had intracoronary lithotripsy, and 5.9% had intracoronary ablation. The patients spent 13 ±3.4 days with the support. Overall mortality was 41.2%. Conclusion: use of the Impella device was associated with few vascular complications. Mortality associated with use of the Impella device in Chile was similar to that previously reported in other studies.

Resultados del uso de HeberFERON® en pacientes con carcinoma basocelular de alto riesgo en Matanzas

Introducción: El cáncer de piel es la más frecuente de todas las neoplasias. Su incidencia mundial ha aumentado en proporción epidémica, y existe un predominio en países tropicales debido a la constante exposición solar. El carcinoma basocelular es el que más afecta a la población y predomina en hombres de más de 60 años. Existen criterios para clasificar esta entidad en alto riesgo, basándose, sobre todo, en la localización y extensión de la lesión. Una opción novedosa y terapéutica de elección es el uso del HeberFERON®. Objetivo: Describir la respuesta clínica al tratamiento con HeberFERON® en pacientes con carcinoma basocelular de alto riego en Matanzas, en el período de febrero de 2019 a julio de 2021. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo en pacientes atendidos en la Consulta Provincial de Tumores Periféricos, de Matanzas, que presentaron carcinoma basocelular de alto riesgo en el período mencionado. Resultado: La población estuvo constituida por 55 pacientes, predominando los hombres y el grupo etario de 60 a 69 años. Las variantes ulceradas localizadas en la nariz constituyeron las formas clínicas agresivas de mayor incidencia. Conclusiones: Imperaron las respuestas completas en tumores mayores de 2 cm, evitando cirugías mutilantes, con lo que se evidencia la seguridad y eficacia del HeberFERON®.

Introduction: Skin cancer is the most frequent of all neoplasms. Its worldwide incidence has increased in epidemic proportions, and there is predominance in tropical countries due to constant sun exposition. Basal cell carcinoma is the one that most affects the population and predominates in men over 60 years of age. There are criteria to classify this entity as high risk, based, above all, in the location and extent of the lesion. A novel and therapeutic option of election is the use of HeberFERON™. Objective: To describe the clinical response to treatment with HeberFERON™ in patients with high-risk basal cell carcinoma in Matanzas, from February 2019 to July 2021. Materials and methods: Prospective, descriptive study was carried out in patients treated at the Provincial Clinic of Peripheral Tumors, of Matanzas, who presented high-risk basal cell carcinoma in the aforementioned period. Results: The population consisted of 55 patients, predominating men and the age group from 60 to 69 years. The ulcerative forms located in the nose constituted the aggressive clinical forms of highest incidence. Conclusions: Complete responses prevailed in tumors larger than 2 cm, avoiding mutilating surgeries, thus demonstrating the safety and efficacy of HeberFERON™.

Hígado graso agudo del embarazo en una adulta joven / Acute fatty liver of pregnancy in a young adult woman i: en

Se presenta el caso clínico de una gestante de 20 años de edad, quien acudió al Cuerpo de Guardia del bloque materno del Hospital General Docente Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba por presentar decaimiento, náuseas y malestar general. Durante la exploración física se encontró piel sudorosa y fría, taquicardia e ictericia. Se realizaron diversos exámenes complementarios y se constató alteración hepática, así como cifras bajas de glucemia. Se diagnosticó hígado graso agudo del embarazo. Luego de varios días de hospitalizada con una evolución desfavorable, hasta llegar al estado crítico, la paciente falleció por síndrome de disfunción multiorgánica.

The case report of a 20 years pregnant woman is presented, who went to the maternal block emergency room of Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba due to run-down, nausea and diffuse discomfort. During the physical exploration sweaty and cold skin, tachycardia and jaundice were found. Diverse complementary exams were carried out and a hepatic disorder was verified, as well as low figures of glycemia. Acute fatty liver of pregnancy was diagnosed. After several days hospitalized with an unfavorable clinical course until getting to the critical state, the patient died due to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

HeberFERON en el tratamiento de pacientes con carcinoma basocelular en zona de alto riesgo / HeberFERON in the Treatment of Patients with Basal Cell Carcinoma on a High-Risk Zone

Introducción: El carcinoma basocelular es un tumor de invasión local de crecimiento; se origina en las células epidérmicas de los folículos pilosos o las células basales de la epidermis, cuando se localizan en zona de alto riesgo en la cara tienen un mayor índice de recurrencia tumoral y de invasión a estructuras adyacentes y subyacentes. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados de la aplicación del HeberFERON en pacientes con carcinoma basocelular en zona de alto riesgo. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y prospectivo en pacientes con diagnóstico clínico, dermatoscópico e histopatológico de carcinoma basocelular en zona de alto riesgo, tratados con HeberFERON en la consulta del Policlínico Centro de Sancti Spíritus desde el 12 de enero de 2016 hasta el 25 de marzo de 2022. La muestra quedó conformada por 62 pacientes Las principales variables estudiadas fueron la respuesta al tratamiento y los eventos adversos. Resultados: Predominó el sexo masculino, el área urbana, fototipocutáneo III y la edad mayor de 40 años. La localización más frecuente fue la nasal; el subtipo clínico el nódulo ulcerativo; el histológico, el sólido; el tumor primitivo y menor de 2 cm; la respuesta al tratamiento fue completa en la mayoría de los pacientes. Los eventos adversos más comunes fueron dolor y ardor en el sitio de inyección, edema y eritema perilesional, fiebre y cefalea. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes tratados con HeberFERON tuvieron una respuesta completa, los eventos adversos fueron los descritos en la literatura por el uso de interferones, sin cambio en la actitud farmacológica(AU)

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma is a growing and locally invasive tumor; it originates in the epidermal cells of hair follicles or the basal cells of the epidermis. When located in a high-risk facial zone, they present a higher rate of tumor recurrence and invasion to adjacent and underlying structures. Objective: To evaluate the results of HeberFERON application in patients with basal cell carcinoma on a high-risk zone. Methods: An observational, descriptive and prospective study was conducted in patients with a clinical, dermatoscopic and histopathological diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma on a high-risk zone, treated with HeberFERON in the consultation of Policlínico Centro of Sancti Spíritus, from January 12, 2016 to March 25, 2022. The sample was made up of 62 patients. The main variables studied were response to treatment and adverse events. Results: There was a predominance of the male sex, the urban area, skin phototype III and age over 40 years. The most frequent localization was nasal; the clinical subtype, ulcerative nodule; the histological subtype, solid. The response to treatment was complete in most patients. The most common adverse events were pain and burning at the injection site, perilesional erythema and edema, fever and headache. Conclusions: Most patients treated with HeberFERON had a complete response; the adverse events were those described in the literature due to the use of interferons, with no change in pharmacological behavior(AU)

FETAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY AS A ROUTINE ANTENATAL SCREENING TOOL FOR DETECTION OF FETAL CONGENITAL CARDIAC STRUCTURAL ANOMALIES.

Background: Fetal echocardiography plays a pivotal role in detecting congenital cardiac structural anomalies. Though foetal echocardiography is mostly reserved for high risk pregnant women, its role as a routine prenatal screening tool needs to be dened. To evaluate the role of fetal echocardiography as a routine Objectives: antenatal screening tool for detection of congenital cardiac structural anomalies.To compare the prevalence of congenital cardiac structural anomalies by fetal echocardiography in antenatal women with low risk and high risk factors for cardiac structural anomalies. The study was carried out in the department of radiodiagnosis, SNMC, Agra. Materials and methods: 500 fetal hearts between 18-26 weeks gestation were evaluated through fetal echocardiography.They were categorised into two groups -low risk (Group I) and high risk (Group II) and scanned through four chamber , LVOT , RVOT and three vessel view. Result: The prevalence of fetal congenital cardiac structural anomalies in this study is 14/1000.Fetal echocardiography had a sensitivity of 85% & specicity of 99%. PPV is 85% and NPV is 99%. The incidence of congenital cardiac structural anomalies in high risk and low risk group was 12 % & 14.8 % per 1,000 respectively. based on these ndings it is highly Conclusion: suggestive that every pregnant woman should be subjected to a detailed fetal echocardiography. Fetal echocardiography should be included as a part of routine antenatal screening irrespective of risk factors for congenital cardiac structural anomalies.

Cuidado em saúde mental com gestantes usuárias de crack / Mental health care with pregnant crack users / Cuidadode salud mental con mujeres embarazadas que utilizan crack

Neste manuscrito, apresentamos uma pesquisa cujo objetivo foi o de compreender como vem sendo produzidas as práticas de cuidado às gestantes usuárias de crack nos serviços de saúde de um município do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Este estudo de abordagem qualitativa, foi realizado junto a dois serviços públicos, o Programa de Redução de Danos (PRD) e o Centro de Atenção Psicossocial para Álcool e outras Drogas (CAPSad III), com cinco mulheres voluntárias para a pesquisa. As histórias de vida foram reconstruídas a partir de suas narrativas e também de profissionais da saúde que proveram algum tipo de cuidado às participantes. Após a exposição das histórias, refletimos sobre três pistas importantes para pensarmos as práticas de cuidado às gestantes usuárias de crack: saúde mental, uso de drogas e interseccionalidade; direitos humanos, hierarquias reprodutivas e concepções de maternidade; e as práticas de cuidado em saúde. Observamos que as concepções dos profissionais acerca da maternidade direcionam as práticas de cuidado em saúde, caracterizando-se como um cuidado no espectro da saúde materno-infantil, e não um cuidado direcionado à saúde da mulher. Conhecer as demandas de cuidado dessas mulheres é essencial para que possamos pensar em práticas de saúde pautadas pela clínica ampliada. (AU)

In this manuscript, we present a research whose objective was to understand how the practicesof care to the pregnant women users of crack have been being produced in the services of health in a town of Rio Grande do Sul. This study of qualitative approach it was developed jointly to two public services, the Program of Reduction of Harms (PRH) andPsychosocial Care Centers Alcohol and other Drugs (CAPSad), with five voluntary women for the research. The life histories were rebuilt starting from their narratives and also of health's professionals that provided some care to the participants.After exposing the stories, we reflected on three important clues to think about care practices for pregnant women who use crack: mental health, drug use and intersectionality; human rights, reproductive hierarchies and conceptions of motherhood; and health care practices. We observed that the professionals' conceptions about maternity guide health care practices, characterized as care in the spectrum of maternal and child health, and not care directed at women's health.Knowing the care demands of these women is essential for us to think about health practices guided by the expanded clinic. (AU)

En este manuscrito presentamos una investigación cuyoobjetivo fue comprender cómo se ha producidolas prácticas de atención a las embarazadas usuarias de crack en los servicios de salud de una ciudad del interior de Rio Grande do Sul. Este estudio cualitativo se realizó con dos servicios públicos, el Programa de Reducción de Daños (PRD) y el Centro de Atención Psicosocial de Alcohol y Otras Drogas (CAPSad III), con cinco mujeres voluntarias para la investigación. Las historias de vida fueron reconstruidas a partir de sus narrativas y también de profesionalesde la salud que brindaron algún tipo de atención a los participantes. Luego de exponer las historias, reflexionamos sobre tres claves importantes para pensar en las prácticas de cuidado de las embarazadas que consumen crack: salud mental, consumo de drogas y interseccionalidad; derechos humanos, jerarquías reproductivas y concepciones de la maternidad; y prácticas de atención de la salud.Observamos que las concepciones de los profesionales sobre la maternidad orientan las prácticas de atención de la salud, caracterizadas como cuidados en el espectro de la salud maternoinfantil, y no cuidados dirigidos a la salud de la mujer. Conocer las demandas de atención de estas mujeres es fundamental para que pensemos en las prácticas de salud guiadas por la clínica ampliada. (AU)

Evaluation of Madras Diabetes Research Foundation-Indian Diabetes Risk Score in detecting undiagnosed diabetes in the Indian population: Results from the Indian Council of Medical Research-INdia DIABetes population-based study (INDIAB-15)

Background & objectives: Screening of individuals for early detection and identification of undiagnosed diabetes can help in reducing the burden of diabetic complications. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (MDRF)-Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) to screen for undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in a large representative population in India. Methods: Data were acquired from the Indian Council of Medical Research–INdia DIABetes (ICMR–INDIAB) study, a large national survey that included both urban and rural populations from 30 states/union territories in India. Stratified multistage design was followed to obtain a sample of 113,043 individuals (94.2% response rate). MDRF-IDRS used four simple parameters, viz. age, waist circumference, family history of diabetes and physical activity to detect undiagnosed diabetes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) with area under the curve (AUC) was used to assess the performance of MDRF-IDRS. Results: We identified that 32.4, 52.7 and 14.9 per cent of the general population were under high-, moderate- and low-risk category of diabetes. Among the newly diagnosed individuals with diabetes [diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)], 60.2, 35.9 and 3.9 per cent were identified under

Fatores de risco para óbito perinatal em gestantes de alto risco de um hospital terciário de Curitiba-PR, Brasil: estudo caso-controle / Risk factors for perinatal death in high-risk pregnant women at a tertiary hospital in Curitiba-PR, Brazil: a case-control study

Resumo Estudo caso-controle com o objetivo de estimar os fatores de risco da mortalidade perinatal em um hospital de referência para gestações de alto risco em Curitiba-PR. Os dados de características sociodemográficas, maternas, da gestação e do concepto foram obtidos dos prontuários hospitalares de 316 casos e 316 controles do período de 2013 a 2017. Foi realizada análise de regressão logística múltipla hierarquizada, permanecendo no modelo final variáveis com p < 0,05. Os resultados mostram aumento do risco de óbito perinatal em mães com tipo sanguíneo B (OR = 2,82; IC95%: 1,07-7,43), que não realizaram pré-natal (OR = 30,78; IC95%: 4,23-224,29), conceptos com malformações congênitas (OR = 63,90; IC95%: 27,32-149,48), nascidos com menos de 28 (OR = 24,21; IC95%: 1,10-531,81) e entre 28-31 semanas de gestação (OR = 6,03; IC95%: 1,34-27,17) e peso ao nascer abaixo de 1.000g (OR = 51,94; IC95%: 4,31-626,46), entre 1.000-1.499g (OR = 11,17; IC95%: 2,29-54,41) e entre 1.500-2.499g (OR = 2,75; IC95%: 1,25-6,06). Conceptos de gestações com desfecho prematuro, baixo peso ao nascer e presença de malformações congênitas são os principais fatores de risco para o óbito perinatal. Em contrapartida, a assistência pré-natal adequada é importante fator de proteção.

Abstract A case-control study was carried out to estimate risk factors for perinatal mortality in a referral hospital for high-risk pregnancies in Curitiba-PR. Sociodemographic, maternal, pregnancy and concept characteristics data were obtained from the hospital records of 316 cases and 316 controls from 2013 to 2017. A hierarchical multiple logistic regression analysis was performed, remaining in the final model variables with p < 0.05. The results show an increased risk of perinatal death in mothers with blood type B (OR = 2.82; 95%CI: 1.07-7.43), who did not undergo prenatal care (OR = 30.78; 95%CI: 4.23-224.29), fetuses with congenital malformations (OR = 63.90; 95%CI: 27.32-149.48), born under 28 (OR = 24.21; 95%CI: 1, 10-531.81) and between 28-31 weeks of gestation (OR = 6.03; 95%CI: 1.34-27.17) and birth weight below 1,000g (OR = 51.94; 95%CI: 4.31-626.46), between 1,000-1,499g (OR = 11.17; 95%CI: 2.29-54.41) and between 1,500-2,499g (OR = 2.75; 25-6.06). Concepts of pregnancies with premature outcome, low birth weight and the presence of congenital malformations are the main risk factors for perinatal death. On the other hand, adequate prenatal care is an important protective factor.

Positive screening for major depressive disorder in high-risk pregnant women / Triagem positiva para transtorno depressivo maior em gestantes de alto risco

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the frequency of positive screening for major depressive disorder and associated factors in high-risk pregnant women at a reference hospital of the Brazilian Public Health System. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 184 high-risk pregnant women at the Maternity at the Hospital Regional de São José , SC, Brazil. Positive screening for major depressive disorder using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale was selected as the dependent variable. Socio-demographic and pregnancy-related variables were also collected. Data were analyzed using Poisson regression with a robust estimator, including all variables that presented a p-value < 0.20 in the bivariate analysis. Statistically significant differences were considered when p ≤ 0.05. Results: The frequency of positive screening for major depressive disorder was 37.5%. Non-white skin color, income of less than USD 572,56 per month and maternal age of less than 18 years or greater than or equal to 35 years were statistically and independently associated with positive screening for major depressive disorder in high-risk pregnant women. Conclusion: The frequency of positive screening for major depressive disorder in the high-risk pregnant women studied was 37.5%. The frequency was statistically associated with skin color, family income and extremes in the maternal age.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar a frequência de rastreio positivo de transtorno depressivo maior e fatores associados em gestantes de alto risco em uma maternidade de referência do Sistema Único de Saúde. Métodos: Estudo transversal envolvendo 184 gestantes de alto risco da Maternidade do Hospital Regional de São José, SC, Brasil. A variável dependente foi o rastreio de transtorno depressivo maior por meio da aplicação da Escala de Depressão Pós-parto de Edimburgo. Foram coletadas ainda variáveis sociodemográficas e relacionadas à gestação. Os dados foram analisados por meio da regressão de Poisson com estimador robusto, incluindo todas as variáveis que apresentaram valor de p < 0,20 na análise bivariada. Consideraram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas quando p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: A frequência de rastreio positivo para transtorno depressivo foi de 37,5%. Cor da pele não branca, renda mensal inferior a USD 572,56 e idade materna inferior a 18 anos ou superior ou igual a 35 anos foram estatística e independentemente associadas ao rastreamento positivo para transtorno depressivo maior em gestantes de alto risco. Conclusão: A frequência de rastreio positivo de transtorno depressivo maior em gestantes de alto risco estudadas foi de 37,5%. A frequência mostrou-se estatisticamente associada com cor de pele, renda familiar e extremos de idade materna.

Planejamento familiar e maternidade tardia no Brasil: gestação de alto risco a partir dos 35 anos / Family planning and late motherhood in Brazil: high-risk pregnancy over 35 years / Planificación familiar y la maternidad tardía en Brasil: gestación de alto riesgo a partir de los 35 años

Objetivo: investigar o direito da mulher acima dos 35 anos ao planejamento familiar, uma vez que a partir dessa faixa etária o exercício do direito reprodutivo poderá trazer riscos à sua saúde e à do feto. Metodologia: tratou-se de uma pesquisa baseada em revisão bibliográfica narrativa e descritiva, utilizando-se de artigos publicados em periódicos especializados em ciências da saúde e em direito à saúde, livros e coletâneas. Para os artigos, foram utilizados os seguintes descritores, em especial, nas plataformas Google Acadêmico, EBSCO e Periódicos CAPES: maternidade tardia; riscos da maternidade tardia; maternidade tardia e mercado de trabalho. Resultados: observou-se que o corpo da mulher a partir dos 35 anos de idade já não está mais tão apto à maternidade como o da mulher entre os 20 e 29 anos, idade considerada ideal para a procriação. Ao adiar a maternidade, pelos mais variados motivos, a mulher coloca-se frente a frente a uma gravidez de risco, em razão dos graves problemas de saúde que poderão ocorrer durante a gestação, fazendo com que essa gravidez seja considerada de alto-risco tanto para ela quanto para o bebê. Conclusão: a mulher que opta por adiar a maternidade deve ser devidamente informada pelo profissional da saúde especializado em reprodução humana, artificial ou não, sobre os graves problemas que a gravidez tardia pode causar a ela e ao bebê.

Objective: to study the right to family planning of women over 35 years old when they exercise their reproductive rights. This can lead to high risks for women from this age segment and the fetus. Methods: study is based on a narrative and descriptive literature review and subsequent analysis of articles from journals, books, and collections in the field of health sciences and health law. The descriptors late motherhood, risks of late motherhood, late motherhood, and labor market were analyzed in an additional digital search of the following databases: Google Scholar, EBSCO, and Brazilian CAPES journals. Results: the female body is less prepared for pregnancy from the age of 35 years than that of women aged between 20 and 29 years, an age segment considered ideal for reproduction. Late motherhood, for whatever reason, puts women at higher risk for health problems during pregnancy and poses a higher risk to the child, both the unborn and the child after birth. Conclusion: a woman who chooses late motherhood must be properly informed by specialized physicians that such a pregnancy, whether artificial or natural, may pose serious problems for both her and her child.

Objetivo: investigar el derecho de la mujer arriba de los 35 años al planeamiento familiar, una vez que a partir de esa edad el ejercicio del derecho reproductivo por ella, pone no solo a ella en una situación de alto riesgo, sino al bebé. Metodología: tratase de una investigación basada en revisión bibliográfica narrativa y descriptiva, empleándose artículos publicados en periódicos cualificados en ciencias de la salud, en derecho a la salud, libros y colecciones. Para los artículos fueron usados los descriptores que siguen, en especial en las plataformas Google Académico, EBSCO y Periódicos CAPES: maternidad tardía; riesgos de la maternidad tardía; maternidad tardía y el mercado de trabajo. Resultados: fue observado que el cuerpo de la mujer a partir de los 35 años ya no está más tan apto a la maternidad como el de la mujer entre los 20 y los 29años, que es considerada la edad la ideal para que la mujer tenga hijos. Al adiar la maternidad por los más diversos motivos, la mujer se pone delante a un embarazo de riesgo, a causa de los graves problemas de salud que podrán ocurrir durante la gestación. Con eso el embarazo es considerado de alto riesgo para ella y para el bebé. Conclusión: la mujer que opta por adiar la maternidad debe ser informada por el profesional especialista em reproducción humana artificial o no, sobre los graves problemas que el embarazo tardío puede no solo causarle, sino aún a el bebé.

Sistema de Enfermagem apoio-educação na promoção do autocuidado a gestante de alto risco: Revisão Integrativa / The supportive-educative nursing system in the promotion of self-care among high-risk pregnant women: integrative review / Apoyo-educación del sistema de enfermería en la promoción del autocuidado a embarazadas de alto riesgo: revisión integradora

Objetivo: analisar as ações do sistema de Enfermagem apoio-educação proposto pela Teoria dos Sistemas de Enfermagem de Dorothea Orem, na promoção do autocuidado a gestantes de alto risco a partir dos diagnósticos de Enfermagem da taxonomia da NANDA-I. Método: revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados CINAHL, Medline/Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, biblioteca SciELO e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 17 artigos que evidenciaram que as ações ocorrem, principalmente, por meio de orientações sobre o plano de cuidados, a adoção de hábitos saudáveis, a cessação do uso de drogas, o controle de doenças e a manutenção do vínculo com a Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Conclusão: as principais ações do sistema de Enfermagem apoio-educação na promoção do autocuidado a gestantes de alto risco foram realizadas por meio da implementação de intervenções de Enfermagem voltadas às orientações sobre a importância da realização do pré-natal e prática de hábitos saudáveis durante a gestação. Essas ações foram benéficas para as gestantes de alto risco e são comuns a maioria dos diagnósticos de Enfermagem identificados na população em estudo.(AU)

Objective: to analyze the supportive-educative Nursing system actions proposed by Dorothea Orem's Theory of Nursing Systems in promoting self-care among high-risk pregnant women based on Nursing diagnoses of NANDA-I taxonomy. Method: integrative review conducted on the following databases: CINAHL, Medline/Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, SciELO Library, and Virtual Health Library. Results: the sample comprised 17 papers reporting that the actions are implemented through guidance focused on the care plan, healthy lifestyle, the need to stop using drugs, disease control, and the need to maintain bonds with the Primary Health Care (PHC) service. Conclusion: the main supportive-educative Nursing system actions in promoting self-care among high-risk pregnant women were implemented through Nursing interventions to provide guidance regarding the importance of attending prenatal care and acquiring healthy habits during pregnancy. These actions benefited high-risk pregnant women and are common to most Nursing diagnoses identified in the study population.(AU)

Objetivo: analizar las acciones del sistema de apoyo-educación de Enfermería propuesto por la Teoría de los Sistemas de Enfermería de Dorothea Orem en la promoción del autocuidado a embarazadas de alto riesgo a partir de los diagnósticos de Enfermería de la taxonomía NANDA-I. Método: revisión integrativa realizada en las bases de datos CINAHL, Medline/Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Science Direct, Biblioteca Cochrane, Biblioteca SciELO y Biblioteca Virtual de Salud. Resultados: la muestra estaba compuesta por 17 artículos que mostraron que las acciones ocurren principalmente a través de la orientación sobre el plan de cuidados, la realización de hábitos saludables, el cese del uso de medicamentos, el control de enfermedades y el mantenimiento del vínculo con la Atención Primaria de Salud. Conclusão: las principales acciones del apoyo-educación del sistema de Enfermería en la ...(AU)

Epidemiological profile of gestational syphilis and congenital syphilis in a reference center in Northeast Brazil: risk factors and trend from 2019 to 2021 / Perfil epidemiológico de sífilis gestacional e sífilis congênita em centro de referência no Nordeste do Brasil: fatores de risco e tendência de 2019 a 2021

Introduction: Syphilis is an infectious systemic disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. The Amaury de Medeiros Integrated University Health Center in Recife is a reference maternity hospital for high-risk pregnancies and the management of the most common Sexually Transmitted Infections during prenatal care, including Gestational Syphilis and Congenital Syphilis. Objective: To determine the epidemiological profile of the population exposed to these conditions, the rate of Gestational Syphilis detection, the incidence of Congenital Syphilis, and the associated unfavorable outcomes in Amaury de Medeiros Integrated University Health Center between January 2019 and December 2021. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included pregnant women and neonates diagnosed with syphilis at Amaury de Medeiros Integrated University Health Center. Data were collected from the Notification/Investigation Forms for Gestational Syphilis and Congenital Syphilis, between January 2019 and December 2021. Results: At Amaury de Medeiros Integrated University Health Center, 463 cases of Gestational Syphilis and 296 of Congenital Syphilis were reported. During the three-year study, 4444, 4360, and 4265 live births were recorded, confirming the Gestational Syphilis detection rates ­ 33.30, 36.92, and 36.10 per 1000 live births, with the incidence of Congenital Syphilis being 26.1, 21.33, and 20.39 per 1000 live births. Pregnant women in their third trimester who were brown, had incomplete primary education, and lived in an urban area were the main sociodemographic variables. In total, 217 (73.3%) patients were diagnosed with Gestational Syphilis during or after delivery, indicating a low prenatal coverage (70.6%). In terms of the progression of Congenital Syphilis, unfavorable outcomes was found in 40 (13.5%) patients, including 16 (40%) abortions, 10 (25%) stillbirths, nine (22.5%) deaths from Congenital Syphilis, and 5 (12.5%) deaths from other causes. Conclusion: Gestational Syphilis detection rates and Congenital Syphilis incidence remain alarming, with abortions and stillbirths being the most common unfavorable outcomes. To change the dramatic situation of Congenital Syphilis in Brazil, the associated factors point to a poor quality of prenatal care and an urgent need to change public policies for pregnant women and newborns, in conjunction with socioeconomic assistance

Growth and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Very Low Birth Weight Infants From Southern India at Corrected Age of One Year

Objective: To assess the growth and neurodevelopmental outcome of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants at corrected age of one year. Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled VLBW infants delivered in a tertiary care hospital, and followed up till oneyear corrected age. The WHO Anthropo version 3.2.2 software was used to calculate weight for age, length for age, and head circumference z-score during follow up. Neurodevelopmental assessment was done using Developmental Assessment Scale for Indian Infants (DASII) at the age of one year. Results: The mean (SD) z-scores at one-year for weight for age, length for age and head circumference were -2.1 (1.1), -1.4 (1.03) and -2.2 (1.2), respectively. The mean (SD) DASII motor and mental scores were 90.8 (13.4) and 96.5 (13.2), respectively. Major and minor developmental abnormalities were noted in 9.4% and 18.2%, infants, respectively. Cerebral palsy was noted in 5.8% infants. Conclusion: VLBW infants showed impaired growth and significant developmental abnormalities at the corrected age of one year.

Accuracy of intrapartum cardiotocography in identifying acidemia at birth by umbilical cord blood gasometry in high-risk pregnancies

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of intrapartum cardiotocography in identifying acidemia at birth by umbilical cord blood gasometry in high-risk pregnancies. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of singleton high-risk parturients using intrapartum cardiotocography categories I, II, and III. The presence of fetal acidemia at birth was identified by the analysis of umbilical cord arterial blood pH (<7.1). Associations between variables were determined using the chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS: We included 105 cases of cardiotocography category I, 20 cases of cardiotocography category II, and 10 cases of cardiotocography category III. cardiotocography category III had a higher prevalence of cesarean sections compared to cardiotocography category I (90.0 vs. 42.9%, p<0.006). Venous pH was higher in patients with cardiotocography category I compared to cardiotocography category III (7.32 vs. 7.23, p=0.036). Prevalence of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission was lower in neonates of patients with cardiotocography category I compared to cardiotocography category III (3.8 vs. 30.0%, p=0.014). Prevalence of composite adverse outcomes was lower in neonates of patients with cardiotocography category I compared to cardiotocography category II (9.5 vs. 30.0%, p=0.022) and cardiotocography category III (9.5 vs. 60.0%, p=0.0004). cardiotocography categories II and III had low sensitivity (0.05 and 0.00, respectively) and high negative predictive value (NPV) (0.84 and 0.91, respectively) for identifying fetal acidemia at birth. The three categories of intrapartum cardiotocography showed high specificities (96.0, 99.0, and 99.0%, respectively). CONCLUSION: All three categories of intrapartum cardiotocography showed low sensitivity and high specificity for identifying acidemia at birth.

Prenatal assessment of high-risk pregnancies in primary and specialized outpatient care: a mixed study / Evaluación prenatal de embarazos de alto riesgo en atención primaria y ambulatoria especializada: un estudio mixto / Avaliação pré-natal da gestação de alto risco na atenção primária e ambulatorial especializada: estudo misto

ABSTRACT Objectives: to assess high-risk prenatal care and identify strategies for improving care. Methods: a mixed study of a prospective cohort, with 319 mothers in a public maternity hospital, from October 2016 to August 2017, using a semi-structured instrument and interview. Analysis was performed using the chi-square test (p≤0.05). The qualitative approach was carried out through interviews with guiding questions to 13 managers, at their workplace, between January and March 2020, analyzed under social phenomenology. Results: higher rates of inadequacy were identified for all criteria. However, when care was shared, there was a higher rate for performing tests (p=0.023), consultations (p=0.002), risk stratification (p=0.013) and emergency information (≤0.000). Weaknesses in the record evidenced impairment in communication and continuity of care. Final Considerations: shared care is a strategy for improving care, however there is a need to strengthen effective referral and counter-referral to care continuity.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar la atención prenatal de alto riesgo e identificar estrategias para mejorar la atención. Métodos: estudio mixto de cohorte prospectivo, con 319 madres en una maternidad pública, de octubre de 2016 a agosto de 2017, mediante instrumento semiestructurado y entrevista. El análisis se realizó mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado (p≤0,05). El abordaje cualitativo se realizó a través de entrevistas con preguntas orientadoras a 13 directivos, en su lugar de trabajo, entre enero y marzo de 2020, analizados bajo la fenomenología social. Resultados: se identificaron mayores tasas de inadecuación para todos los criterios. Sin embargo, cuando se compartió la asistencia, hubo mayor tasa de realización de pruebas (p=0,023), consultas (p=0,002), clasificación de riesgo (p=0,013) e información de emergencia (≤0,000). Las debilidades en el expediente evidenciaron afectación en la comunicación y continuidad de la atención. Consideraciones Finales: el cuidado compartido es una estrategia para mejorar la atención, sin embargo, existe la necesidad de fortalecer la referencia y la contrarreferencia efectivas para la continuidad del cuidado.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar a assistência pré-natal de alto risco e identificar as estratégias para o aperfeiçoamento assistencial. Métodos: estudo misto de uma coorte prospectiva, com 319 puérperas em uma maternidade pública, de outubro de 2016 a agosto de 2017, utilizando-se instrumento semiestruturado e entrevista. Realizou-se análise por meio do Teste do Qui-Quadrado (p≤0,05). A abordagem qualitativa foi realizada por entrevista com questões norteadoras a 13 gestores, em seu local de trabalho, entre janeiro e março de 2020, analisadas sob a fenomenologia social. Resultados: identificaram-se maiores taxas de inadequação para todos critérios. Entretanto, quando a assistência foi compartilhada, observou-se maior taxa para realização de exames (p=0,023), consultas (p=0,002), classificação de risco (p=0,013) e informação de emergência (≤0,000). Fragilidades no registro evidenciaram prejuízo na comunicação e na continuidade assistencial. Considerações Finais: o cuidado compartilhado demonstra-se estratégia ao aperfeiçoamento assistencial, entretanto há necessidade do fortalecimento da referência e contrarreferência efetivas à continuidade assistencial.

Feelings about birth by a group of high-risk pregnant women / Sentimientos sobre el parto de un grupo de gestantes de alto riesgo / Sentimentos a respeito do nascimento por um grupo de gestantes de alto risco

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand feelings about birth among a group of high-risk pregnant women. Method: a descriptive and qualitative study, using Alfred Schütz's social phenomenology as a philosophical theoretical framework. The study included 25 pregnant women undergoing high-risk prenatal care. The interview had the following guiding questions: tell me about your feelings regarding the moment of birth/childbirth; How do you deal with the high-risk diagnosis? What are your expectations for birth/childbirth? Results: five categories emerged: Fear of obstetric care; Fear of complications with the baby; Fear of cesarean section; Resilience in the face of high-risk pregnancy; and Expectations for birth. Considerations: high-risk pregnant women are afraid of the care they will receive, the risks and concern about the baby's vitality at birth. The importance of care is emphasized, with a welcoming environment, bonding and communication between health team and pregnant woman.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender los sentimientos sobre el parto de un grupo de gestantes de alto riesgo. Método: estudio descriptivo y cualitativo, utilizando como marco teórico filosófico la fenomenología social de Alfred Schütz. El estudio incluyó a 25 mujeres embarazadas que se sometían a atención prenatal de alto riesgo. La entrevista tuvo las siguientes preguntas orientadoras: cuénteme sobre sus sentimientos con respecto al momento del nacimiento/parto; ¿Cómo lidia con el diagnóstico de alto riesgo? ¿Cuáles son sus expectativas para el nacimiento/parto? Resultados: surgieron cinco categorías: Miedo a la atención obstétrica; Miedo a las complicaciones con el bebé; Miedo a la cesárea; Resiliencia ante el embarazo de alto riesgo; y Expectativas de nacimiento. Consideraciones: las gestantes de alto riesgo tienen miedo de la asistencia que recibirán, de los riesgos y aprensión en cuanto a la vitalidad del bebé al nacer. Se destaca la importancia de la asistencia con ambiente acogedor, vínculo y comunicación entre el equipo de salud y la gestante.

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender os sentimentos a respeito do nascimento por um grupo de gestantes de alto risco. Método: estudo descritivo e qualitativo, tendo a fenomenologia social de Alfred Schütz como referencial teórico filosófico. Participaram do estudo 25 gestantes em acompanhamento de pré-natal de alto risco. A entrevista contou com as seguintes questões norteadoras: fale-me sobre seus sentimentos em relação ao momento do nascimento/parto; Como você lida com o diagnóstico de alto risco? Quais suas expectativas para o nascimento/parto? Resultados: emergiram cinco categorias: Medo da assistência obstétrica; Medo das complicações com o bebê; Medo da cesariana; A resiliência diante da gestação de alto risco; e Expectativas para o nascimento. Considerações: as gestantes de alto risco sentem medo da assistência que receberão, dos riscos e apreensividade quanto à vitalidade do bebê no nascimento. Ressalta-se a importância de assistência com ambiente acolhedor, efetivação de vínculo e comunicação entre equipe de saúde e gestante.

Factores relacionados con la mortalidad en niños diagnosticados de leucemia linfoide aguda con insuficiencias orgánicas / High risk factors in pediatric patients diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia with organ failur

Introducción: Los pacientes pediátricos con leucemia linfoide aguda se estratifican en tres grupos de riesgo: bajo, intermedio y alto. Hay condiciones predictivas de muerte en este grupo de pacientes que incluyen indicadores clínicos y de laboratorio, que en relación con estos factores desarrollan durante la enfermedad insuficiencias orgánicas. Objetivo: Analizar los factores asociados con la mortalidad en pacientes pediátricos diagnosticados de leucemia linfoide aguda con insuficiencias orgánicas. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación bibliográfico-documental acerca del tema. Se consultó fundamentalmente artículos de los últimos 10 años de las bases de datos de SciELO y PubMed. Análisis y síntesis de la información: Se describe los factores de alto riesgo en pacientes pediátricos graves con insuficiencias orgánicas, desde aquellos ya establecidos en protocolos nacionales e internacionales; así como los propios que se desencadenan en los pacientes con disfunción orgánica y su relación en la evolución desfavorable del paciente. Conclusiones: Se encontró una relación entre los factores de alto riesgo en pacientes pediátricos diagnosticados de leucemia linfoide aguda con el desarrollo de insuficiencias orgánicas como complicaciones y muerte en estos grupos de enfermos.

Introduction: Pediatric patients with acute lymphoid leukemia are stratified into three risk groups: low, intermediate and high. There are conditions predictive of death in this group of patients that include clinical and laboratory indicators, which in relation to these factors develop organ insufficiencies during the disease. Objective: To relate the factors associated with mortality in pediatric patients diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia with organ failure. Methods: A bibliographic-documentary research on the subject was carried out. The Scielo and PubMed databases of the last ten years were fundamentally consulted. Analysis and synthesis of information: High-risk factors in severe pediatric patients with organ failure are described, from those already established in national and international protocols; as well as those that are triggered in patients with organic dysfunction and their relationship in the unfavorable evolution of the patient. Conclusions: A relationship was found between high risk factors in pediatric patients diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia with the development of organ failure as complications and death in these groups of patients.